Index to Maheshwari

Abductor lever arm 110 Abductor mechanism of the hip 110 , Acetabl Jlar reconstruction procedures 203 Achondroplasia 268 Acromio-clavicular joint 72 Adamantinoma 215 Adult respiratory distress syndrome 33 Albers-Schonberg disease 269 Albright's syndrome 227,271 Alkaptonuric arthritis 251 Alpha bed 155 Amputation of fingers 100 Amputations 278 closed 278 guillotine 278 indications for 278 nomenclature of 279 types 278 Aneurysmal bone cyst 227 Aneurysmal sign 176 Ankle arthrodesis 140 Ankle injuries 135 Lauge-Hansen classification 136 Ankle-mortice 135 Ankylosing spondylitis clinical features 248 extra-articular manifestations 249 Ankylosis 164, 170 bony 170 fibrous 170 Annulus fibrosus 143, 228 Anterior drawer test 128 Antero-Iateral decompression 180 Anti-tubercular drugs 171 Apert syndrome 271 Apical subungual infection 190 Apophysis 8 Approach to a patient with limb injury 28 Approach to a poly trauma patient 32 Arthralgia 244 Arthritis 163, 244 gonococcal 166 mono 244 poly 244 rheumatoid 244 septic 163 Tom Smith 165 Arthrodesis 68, 198 pOSition of 68 triple 198 types 68 Arthrography 130 Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 194 Index Arthrolysis 123 Arthroplasty 68 excision 69 hemiarthroplasty 69 total replacement 69 types of69 Arthroscopic surgery 130, 283-285 Arthroscopy 130 Arthrotomy 130 ASH brace 177 Asnis screws 115 Ataxia 209 Athetosis 209 • Automatic bladder 155 Autonomous bladder 156 Autonomous zone 50 Avascular necrosis 270 of the femoral head 110 AvulSion injury 137 Axonotmesis 50 Back strain 241 Bamboo-spine appeararice 250 Bankart's lesion 74 Bankart's operation 76 Barlow's test 201 Batchelor's cast 203 Batson's plexus, 172 Bence-Jones proteins 223 Biological fixation 24 Block vertebra 204 Blount's diseas 276 Bone 7 age 8 and calcium 260 artifiCial 70 blood supply of 8 composition of 8 cancellous 7 constitution of 260 cortical 7 growth 8 inorganic constituents of 260 lamellar 7 organic constituents of 260 remodelling of 8 slructure or 7 woven 7 Bone bank 70 Bone cells 8 osteoblast 8 Bone grafling 69 allogenous 70 autogenous 70 free vascularized 70 muscle-pedicle 70 types 69 • xenografting 70 Bone morphogenic protein 70 Bone scan 158 Bone tumours 214 benign 214 metastatic 214 primary malignant 214 Book test 56 Boston brace 235 Bowlegs 276 Brace 25 Bristow's operation 76 Brodie's Abscess 163 Brown's tumour 265 Bumper fracture 131 Bunion 256 Bursitis 256 infective 256 irritative 256 Burst fracture 149 Buttress plate 24 • C.T. E.V. 193 Caffey's disease 271 Calcaneus 194 Calcar femorale 110 Callot's cast 272 Callus 9 Callway's test 75 Calve's disease 269 Card test 55 Caries sicca 187 Carpal tunnel syndrome 258 Carrying angle 79 Cerebral palsy 209 causes of 209 pattern of 209 severity of209 treatment of21O Cervical collar 149 Cervical rib 273 Cervical spondylosis 254 Charcot's joint 166 Chemonucleosis 232 Chest-alIIl bandage 78 Chondroblastoma 215 Chondrosarcoma 224 Chordoma 216 Chronaxie 58 Chymopapain 232 Clavicle 72 Claw hand (main-en-griffe) 51 Cleido-cranial dysostosis 271 Clergyman's knee 256 Cloacae 161 Clubfoot 193 Clutton's joints 166 • Cobb's angle 234 Cod-fish appearance 262 Codman's triangle 219 Cold abscess 173, 174 para-vertebral 173 pre-vertebral 173 psoas 176 retropharyngeal 176 treatment of 177 Collapse of vertebrae 173 types of 172 Compartment syndrome 37 diagnosis of 38 stretch test 38 treatment of 38 Complications of fractures 34 early 34 immediate 34 late 34 Compound palmar ganglion 256 Compression 23 device 23 dynamic 23 inter-fragmentary 23 methods of producing 23 plating 23 self 23 static 23 Congenital coxa vara 204 Congenital dislocation of the hip 200 aetiology 200 pathology 200 Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia 205 Congenital short femur 204 Congenital vertical talus 205 Continuous suction irrigation system 162 Cord 153 concussion 153 transection 153 Cord lesions 154 ( anterior 154 central 154 hemi-section 154 posterior 154 Cortico-cancellous junction 7 . Corticotomy 26 Costo-transversectomy 180 Coxa vara 274 Craniotabes 263 Cross-union 40 Crush injury to the hand 102 Crutchfield tongs 148 CTEV shoes 198 Curettage 162 Cylinder cast 126 Dashboard injury III De Quervain's tenovaginitis 257 Deep palmar abscess 191 Deep vein thrombosis 34 • Index Deformity 62 acquired 62 ape-thumb 51 arising at a joint 62 arising in a bone 63 congenital 62 cubitus valgus 86 dinner-fork 94 gun -stock 85 policeman tip' 52 treatment methods 64 triple 207 Deltoid ligament 136, 193 Densitometry 262 Diaphysial aclasis 269 Diaphysis 7 Diastematomyelia 204 Dilwyn-Evan's procedure 197 Disarticulation 278 Disc 228 degeneration 228 extrusion 229 prolapsed 228 protrusion 229 sequestration 229 Disc prolapse cervical 232 lumbar 229 Disc space calcification 251 Discharging sinus 161 Dislocation 43 acute 130 anterior 112 Chopart's 43 deformities in 44 fracture 44 Listranc's 43 metacarpo-phalangeal 100 of lunate 98 of the elbow 86 of the acromio-clavicular 74 of the knee 130 of the patella 130 of the shoulder 74 of the sternoclavicular joint 72 pathological 44 peri-lunate 98 recu rren t 44 traumatic 43 unreduced 44 Dislocation of the hip III central 112 posterior III Dislocations of the shoulder 74 classification 74 luxatio erecta 74 patho-anatomy 74 posterior 74 techniques of reduction 75 Dome of the talus 135 Dugas' test 75 Dupuytren's contracture 256 - Dwarfism causes of268 • Dynamic hip screw (DHS) 119 Easy fractures causes of 268 Eburnation 252 Egawas' test 55 Egg-shell crackling 216 Electro-diagnostic studies 57 Electro-myography 57 Enchondroma 226 End-artery 84 Ender's nails 119 Engelmann's disease 271 Eosinophilic granuloma 269 Epiphyseal plate 7 Epiphyseal injuries 46 Epiphyses 7 Equinus 194 Erlenmeyer flask 271 Eversion 136 Ewing's sarcoma 221 Excision of tumours extra-Iesional 70 intra-lesional 70 radical 70 wide 70 Exercise therapy 66 joint mobilising 66 muscle strengthening 66 325 to improve coordination 66 Extensor apparatus of the knee 124 Extensor-lag 126 External fixation 16 Facet joints 144 Fairbank's triangle 274 Fasciotomy 38 Fat embolism syndrome 34 Felon 190 Fenestration 232 Fibrillation 252 Fibrositis 259 Fibrous dysplasia 227 Flat foot 276 acqUired 277 causes of276 congenital 277 infantile 277 Fle'che test 249 FluorosiS 266 dental 266 skeletal 266 Foot 193, 194 bones of the 194 fore 193 hind 193 joint of the 193 ligaments of the 193 326 mid 193 rocker-bottom 196 Foot drop 51 Fracture 1 atlas 149 aviator's 142 Barton's 96 Bennett's 99 both bones of leg 132 burst 145 calcaneum 140 capitulum 89 . Chauffeur 2 Clay shoveller's 150 closed 1 Colles' 92 comminuted 2 compound 1 condylar 124 Cotton's 2 dashboard 3 displaced 1 fatigue 142 forear II1 bones 90 Galeazzi 93 Hangman's 3 head of the radius 89 healing 8 in children 46 intercondylar 87 inter-trochanteric 118 Jefferson's 149 Jone's 142 March 3, 142 metacarpal 100 Monteggia 92 neck of the femur 112 neck of the radius 89 night-stick 2 oblique 2 of lateral condyle 85 of medial epicondyle 87 of the clavicle 73 of the femur 124 of the greater tuberosity of the humerus 76 of the phalanges 100. 142 of the scapula 73 of lhe shaft of the humerus 76 of the surgical neck of the humerus 76 of lhe talus 135 old 32 olecranon 88 open 1 patella 125 pathological I, 3 Pott's 2 Rolando's 99 scaphoid 96 segmental 2 shaft of the femur 120 Essential Orthopaedics shafts of tibia and fibu la 132 side-swipe 2 simple 1 spiral 2 st.raddle 3 supracondylar 80 talus 141 transverse 2 traumatic 1 tuber calcanei 140 undisplaced 1 Fracture healing 8 factors affecting 10 of cancellous bones 10 stages of 8 Fractures 34, 104 birth 46 complications of 34 Greenstick 47 in children 46 pelvic 104 Fractures of neck of the femur 112 claSSification 113 extra-capsular 112 impacted 1 15 intra-capsular 112 treatment 115 Fragilitus ossium 268 Freiberg's disease 269 Frog hand 191 Froment's sign 56 'Frozen' shoulder 258 Functional bracing 25 Fungal infections 166 Gaenslen's test 249 Gait 174 Gait cycle 303 Galeazzi's sign 202 Ganglion 258 Genu recurvatum 276 Gibbus 174 Girdlestone arthroplasty 184 Golfer's elbaw 257 Gout 251 Ground-glass appearance 262 Haemangioma 215 Haemophilic arthritis 251 Hair-pin arrangement 157 Hallux rigidus 277 Hallux valgus-277 Hamilton ruler test 75 • Hammer toe 277 • Hand infections 189 localised 189 spreading 189 Hand-schuller christian disease: 269 Hanging cast 78 Harrison's sulcus 263 Haversion canal 7 Head at risk signs 270 Heat therapy deep 66 surface 66 Heel pain 259 Hemiarthroplasty 116 Hemilaminectomy 232 Hemivertebra 204 Herbert's screw 97 H ill-Sach' s lesion 74 Hip congenital dislocation of 200 dislocatable 200 dislocated 200 dysplastic 200 Hip-spica 120 Histiocytosis X 269 HLA-B27248 Homan's sign 34 Hongkong operation 180 Housemaid's knee 256 Hunter's disease 271 Hurler's disease 271 Hydrotherapy 66 Hydroxyapatite 8 Hyperparathyroidism 265 Hypovolaemic shock 33 Ilizarov's technique 26 advaI)tages 27 disadvantages 27 . premise 26 useful in 27 Image-intensifier 25 Immunotherapy 220 Interference pattern 57 Interlocking nailing 25 Internal derrangement of the knee 129 Internal splint 82 Interosseous ligament 193 Intra-medullary nailing 121 closed 121 interlocking 121 open 121 . technique of 121 Inversion 136 Inverted limbus 201 Involucrum 161 Jaipur foot 281 Jame's pOSition 103 Jess fixation 198 Joint debridement 184 Joint replacement 286-289 Kanavel's sign 192 Kienbock's disease 269 Knee deformities 275 Knee ligament 124 anterior cruciate 127 functions of the 124 lateral collateral 127 medial collateral 127 posterior cruciate 128 reconstruction of 128 repair of 128 Knock knee 275 Kohler's disease 269 Kuntscher's nail 121 Kyphosis 236 angular 236 compensatory 236 gibbus 236 knuckle 236 postural 236 round 236 Scheurmann's disease 236 Kyphotic deformities 174 Kyphus 174 Lachmann test 128 Lag screw 23 Lamina dura 266 Laminectomy 232 Laminotomy 232 Lasegue test 230 Latex fixation test 246 Lathyrism 267 Leprosy 166 deformities in 166 mechanisms causing disability: 166 motor weakness in 168 mutilations in 168 trophic ulcers in 168 Ligamentoraxis 95 Ligamentum flavum 144 Litterer -siwe disease 269 Localiser cast 235 Loose bodies in joints 276 Looser's zone 264 Lorenz cast 203 Low back pain 238 • approach to 242 causes of 241 investigation in 240 treatment of 241 Lumbar spondylosis 255 Luxatio erecta 74 Madelung's deformity 204 Madura foot 166 Maffucci syndrome 226 Mal-union 39 causes of39 treatment of 40 Mallet Hnger 100 Index Manipulation 67 for stiff joints 67 for the correction of ,\ deformity 67 for the relief of pain G7 Manus valgus 204 Marble-bone disease 269 Marfan's syndrome (arachnodactly) 271 Massonaie's fracture 137 Maxpage operation 85 Medial longitudinal trabecular stream 110 Median nerve 53 Melon seed bodies 187 Melorrheostosis 271 Membrana reuniens 210 Meningo-myelocele 210 Meningocele 210 Merliscal injuries 129 bucket-handle ~29 mechanism of 129 treatment of 130 types of 129 Meniscorraphy 130 Meniscus calcification 251 Meralgia paraesthetica 259 Mermaid splints 264 Metabolic bone disease~ 260 mixed 261 osteomalacic 261 osteopenic 261 os teo sclerotic 261 Metacarpal index 262 Metaphyseal dysplasia 271 Metaphysis 7 extra-articular 157 intra-articular 157 spread of pus from 158 Metastasis in bone 224 Meyer's procedure 117 Mid-palmar space 191 Middle volar space infection 190 Milwaukee brace 235 Minerva jacket 150 Morant-Baker's cyst 276 Morquio's disease 271 Moth-eaten appearance 224 Motor march 50 Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 271 Multiple exostoses 269 Multiple myeloma 223 Muscular dystrophy 211 Mycetoma 166 • Myelocele 2 1 1 Myelography 230 Myopathy 211 Myositis ossificans 42 Nail-patella syndrome 271 Nerve conduction studies 58 Nerve conduction velocity 58 Nerve grafting 60 Nerve repair 59 primary repair 59 secondary repair 59 techniques of 59 Nerve suture 59 epi-perineural59 epineural 59 group faSCicular 59 perineural 59 Neural arch 143 Neurapraxia 50 Neurofibromatosis 269 Neurological sparing 154 Neurolysis 60 external 60 internal 60 Neuroma 50 end 50 in continuity 50 side 50 • Neuropathic arthropathy 251 Neurotmesis 51 Neutralisation plate 24 Night cries 181 Ninhydrin print test 52 Non-union 38 atrophic 38 causes of 38 hypertrophic 38 treatment of 39 types of38 Nucleus pulposus 228 Observation hip 273 Ocronosis 251 O'Don()~huc triad 128 Ollier's disease 226, 271 Onion-peel appearance 221 Orthoses 281 dynamiC 282 nomenclature of 81 static 282 uses of282 \ Orthotics 28 I Ortolani's test 201 Osgood-Shlatter's disease 269 Osteo-periosteal flaps 134 Osteoarthritis 252 primary 252 principles of treatment of 253 secondary 252 Osteoblastoma 215 Osteochondral fragment 131 Osteochondritis 269 crushing type 269 dissecans 269 traction 269 Osteochondroma 225 Osteoclasis 40 327 328 Osteoclastoma (giant cell tumour) 216 Osteogenesis imperfecta 268 Osteoid osteoma 214 Osteoma 214 Osteomyelitis 157 acute 157 chronic 160 diagnosis of 158 Garre's 163 • haematogenous 157 pathogenesis of 157 • pathology of 157 primary 157 salmonella 163 secondary 160 treatment of 159 Osteon 7 Osteopathia striata 271 Osteopetrosis 269 Osteophyte 252 Osteopoikilosis 271 Osteoporosis 261 causes of 261 treatment of 262 Osteosarcoma 218 chemotherapy' in 220 chondroid 218 classification of 218 diagnosis of 221 fibroblastic 218 level of amputation in 220 osteoblastic 218 parosteal221 secondary 221 telangiectatic 218 treatment of 219 Osteosclerosis 267 Osteotomy 40 Chiari's 203 containment 270 corrective 40 Dwyer's 197 French 68 high tibial 68 McMurray's 68. 115 Pauwel's 68 Pemberton's 203 Salter's 203 spinal 68 types 68 varus-derotation 203 Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) 269 Painful arc syndrome 259 Panner's disease 269 Pannus 170 Paraparesis 153 Paraplegia 153. 178 causcs of 1 79 complete flaccid 179 Essential Orthopaedics in extension 178 in flexion 179 , in T.B. of the spine 179 late-onset 179 Pott's 178 traumatic 153 Paronychium 189 Patellectomy 126 partial 126 Pelvic compression test 106 Pelvic fractures 104 bucket-handle injury 105 classification of 104 complications of 108 ischio-puble rami fracture 105 open-book injury 105 ring disruption injuries 106 straddle fracture 105 treatment of 107 Pelvic-ring 104 Pen test 54 Percutaneous discectomy 232 Periosteal reaction 158 Peripheral nerve 49 classification of injuries to 50 degeneration of 50 fOl mation of 49 mechanism of injury of 50 regeneration of 50 Seddon's claSSification of 50 signs of regeneration of 57 structure of a 49 Peripheral neuropathies 212 cause of213 treatment of 213 types of213 Perthes' disease 269 Phantom sensation 280 Phemister grafting 134 Pigeon-chest 263 Pilon fracture 138 Plantar fascitis 259 . Plantar ligaments 193 Plaster of Paris 13 Pointing-index 52 Poliomyelitis 206 bulbar 207 bulbo-spinal 207 clinical features of 206 pathogenesis of 206 principles of treatment of 207 stages of 206 Polydactyly 204 Polyostotic fil?rous dysplasia 227 Polysaccharidosis 267 Popliteal cyst 276 Posterior drawer test 128 • Posterior ligament complex 144 Posterior malleolus 135 Posterior neural arch 143 Postero-medial soft-tissue release 197 Pott's disease 172 PPRP207 Primary survey 32 Prolapsed intervertebral disc 22 Pronation 136 Prostheses 280 Prosthesis 280 cosmetic 280 functional 280 parts of281 uses of280 Prosthetics 280 Protrusio-acetabuli 265 Proximal volar space infection 1 Pseudogout 251 Psoriatic arthropathy 251 Pulled elbow 88 Pump-handle test 249 Putti-platt operation 76 Pyle's disease 271 Quadriceps-plasty 123 Quadriparesis 153 Quadriplegia 153 Rachitic rosary 263 Radial bursa 192 Radial club hand 204 Radial nerve 52 Radical debridement 180 Radio-ulnar synostOSiS 204 Reduction of fracture 12 closed 12 open 13 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (sudeck's dystrophy) 41 Rehabilitation 156 economic 156 physical 156 social 156 Reisser's sign 234 Reisser's turn-buckle cast 235 Remodelling 9 Retrolisthesis 237 Rheobase 58 Rheumatoid arthritis 244 deformities in 245 diagnosis of 245 extra-articular manifestations 246 joints affected in 245 principles of treatment of 247 prognOSiS in 247 stages of 245 Rheumatoid factor 246 RICE 140 Rickets 263 clinical features of 263 radiological features in 263 types of263 Rickets and osteomalacia 262 Ring fixator 26 Robert Jones bandage 128 Root cut-off sign 231 Root escape 154 Rose-Waaler test 246 Rotation of a vertebra 234 Rotator-cuff 72 S.P. nail-plate 115 SACH foot 281 Salt-pepper appearance 266 Salter and Harris classification 47 Saucerization 162 Scaphoid cast 97 Scapula 72 Scheurmann's disease 236, 269 Sciatic pain 230 Sciatic tilt 230 Scoliosis 233 compensatory 233 congenital 233 curves in 234 diagnosis of 234 idiopathic 233 infantile 233 kypho-234 non-structural 233 paralytic 233 .postural233 principles of treatment of 234 progressive 233 resolving 233 sciatic 232 structural 233 Scottish dog sign 237 Scotty dog 237 Scurvy 267 Secondary OA of the hip 252 causes of252 Secondary survey 32 Seddon's classification 50 Sequestrectomy 162 Sequestrum 160 Sever's disease 269 Shapeless extremities 271 Sharpe's fibres 7 Shenton's line 111,202 Shoulder girdle 72 Simple bone cyst 226 Singh's inQex 262 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 274 Smith-Petersen nail 115 'Soap-bubble' appearance 216 Sodium biurate 251 Sodium pyrophosphale 251 Soult ers' release 208 Spider fingers 271 Spina bifid8 210 aperta 210 occu Ita 210 • • Index types of210 Spina ventosa 188 Spinal tumour syndrome 176 Spinal Injuries 143 claSSification of 144 mode of injury 144 stable and unstable 144 three-column concept 144 Spinal injury centres 156 Spinal shock 153 Splint 20 Bohler-Braun 21 care of a patient in 21 Cramer-wire 20 Denis-Brown 198 Thomas 20 Volkmann's 85 Von Rosen's 203 Splinting 23 extra-medullary 24 intra-medullary 24 Spondylolysis 237 Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia 271 Spondylolisthesis 35, 204 categories of 237 degenerative 237 dysplastic 237 isthmic 236 lytic 236 pathological 237 principles of treatment of 237 traumatic 237 Spondylolysis 204, 237 Sports Medicine 283-285 Sprain 4 Sprained ankle 140 Sprengel's shoulder 204 Spring ligament 193 Squaring of vertebrae 250 Stabilisers 43 dynamic 43 static 43 Starch test 52 Starting pain 181 Sleindler's release 208 Stellate fracture 125 Sterno-clavicular joint 72 Sterno-mastoid tumour 272 Straight leg raising test 230 Strain 4 Strength-duration curve 57 assessment of recovery by 58 muscle curve 58 nerve curve 58 Stress test 5 Stress X-rays 128 Slryker frame 155 Student's elbow 256 Subchondral cysts 252 Subluxation 43 'Sun-ray appearance 2 I 9 Supination 136 • Surgical shoes 282 Sweat test 52 Syndactyly 204 Syndesmophytes 250 Syndrome adult respiratory distress 33 Brown-Sequard 154 crush 35 Klippel-feil 204 Synovial sarcoma 224 Syphilis 166 acqUired 166 congenital 166 of the Joints 166 Syringo-myelocele 211 Tailor's ankle 256 Tardy ulnar palsy 87 Tendon injuris 101 329 testing for extensor tendons 101 testing for flexor ten<;ions 101 treatment of 102 Tendon transfer 71 indications of 70 prinCiples of 71 Tennis elbow 257 TenosynOvitis 190,256 infective 256 irritative 256 suppurative 190 Tension-band principle 24 Tension-band wiring 126 Tel minal device 281 Tel minal pulp-space infection 190 Thenar space 191 Three bony-points relationship 79 Tibio-fibular syndesmosis 135 Tine)'s sign 57 'Tonguing' of lumbar vertebrae 271 Torticollis 272 causes of272 congenital 272 infantile 272 Tower-shaped head 271 Traction 21 continuous 13 Cotrel235 daily care of a patient in 22 Dunlop's 82 fixed 21 Gallow's 122 Hammock-sling 107 Russell's 119 skeletal 21 skin 21 sliding 21 Smith's 82 Transient synovitis 273 Transitional vertebrae 241 Treatment of fractures 11 A.O. melhod 23 330 definitive care in 12 emergency care in 11 methods of 12 recent advances in 23 Trethowan's sign 275 Triage 32 Trigger finger 257 Triradiate pelvis 265 • Trumpet-shaped metaphysis 269 Tuber-joint angle 140 Tuberculosis 169 exudative 169 of bones and joints 169 of the hip 181 of the knee 185 of the long bones 187 of the short bones 187 operative intervention in 171 osseous 180 osteomyelitis 187 proliferative 169 synovial 181 treatment of 171 • Essential Orthopaedics Turn-o-plasty 217 Two-part fracture of patella 126 V-slab 77 Ulnar bu rsa 192 Ulnar nerve 54 Valgus foot 194 Vertebral tuberculosis 172 anterior 172 central 172 ' paradiscal 172 posterior 173 Vertical compression 136 Vitamin D 262 endogenous 262 exogenous 262 steps in activation of 263 Volkmann's canals 7 Volkmann's ischaemia 83 Volkmann's ischaemic contracture 85 • Volkmann's sign 85 Von Rosen's view 202 . Wandering acetabulum 181 Water-bed 155 • Weaver's bottom 256 Web space infection 191 Wedge tarsectomy 198 Wedging 133 Wedging cast 64 'Whiplash' injury 147 Whitlow 190 Widening of intercondylar notch 251 Wilson's release 208 Winging o, f scapula 56 Wolffs law 8 Wrist drop 51 Z Z-plasty of tendo-achillis 197